Saberes dos bacharéis docentes de Ciências Econômicas e docência na educação superior
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)
Resumo
Esta pesquisa trata de saberes de bacharéis docentes de Ciências Econômicas de
duas instituições de educação superior privadas do interior do estado de São Paulo,
desenvolvida na linha de Pesquisa Formação de Professores e Práticas Pedagógicas.
O objetivo geral do estudo foi realizar a apreensão dos sentidos e da subjetividade
que se manifestam nos discursos dos professores bacharéis economistas com o
intuito de identificar os saberes da docência que configuram o processo educativo e
as fontes desses saberes. A partir da construção e análise dos núcleos de significação
propostos por Aguiar e Ozella (2013), buscamos responder a seguinte questão de
pesquisa: quais saberes da docência se manifestam no discurso dos professores
bacharéis economistas atuantes em cursos de Ciências Econômicas que configuram
o processo educativo? Esta pesquisa é de abordagem qualitativa, cujas técnicas de
produção do material empírico foram entrevistas semiestruturadas com bacharéis
docentes que lecionavam em dois cursos de Ciências Econômicas, análise
documental das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais dos Cursos de Ciências
Econômicas, projetos pedagógicos dos cursos, e um questionário com questões
abertas e fechadas para os discentes do último ano do curso. O fundamento teórico
de análise é a Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica em Educação e a Psicologia Histórico Cultural sobre o desenvolvimento humano. A relevância dessa pesquisa encontra-se
na possibilidade de contribuir com o aprimoramento da formação de professores da
educação superior, especificamente para os que não possuem uma formação
pedagógica específica para o exercício da docência. Os resultados apontam para a
importância da trajetória do docente como aluno de graduação e pós-graduação na
sua construção como professor da educação superior. Trata-se de um processo cuja
construção não é visível e que resulta, antes de tudo, da influência dos modelos
pedagógicos adotados à época em que estes bacharéis, hoje docentes, eram alunos.
Há ainda a valorização dos saberes relacionados aos conteúdos específicos desse
campo do conhecimento, dificultando a compreensão de que a docência é marcada
por uma especificidade constituída, necessariamente, pelo saber pedagógico,
desconhecido, muitas vezes, pelo docente da educação superior e que tem nas
teorias educacionais a sua base. A tese defendida é a de que os sentidos e
significados manifestados nos discursos dos professores bacharéis economistas
desconsideram que a especificidade da docência e sua diferenciação ante as demais
profissões está na esfera pedagógica. Destacamos também que os bacharéis
docentes apresentam dificuldades na apreensão de toda a complexidade da atividade
docente, resultando em uma visão conteudista que parece desconsiderar os demais
saberes envolvidos na docência, bem como seu objeto de formação. Dessa forma,
espera-se que os resultados possam inspirar uma mudança de configuração dos
cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu e promover experiências significativas de
formação continuada no âmbito das IES, de forma que as teorias educacionais sejam
peças importantes da formação do professor bacharel, bem como contribuir com
debates sobre a formação de professores da educação superior.
This research deals with the knowledge of undergraduate professors of Economic Sciences courses, from two private higher education institutions in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, developed in the line of research on professor education and pedagogical practices.The general objective of the study was to apprehend the meanings and subjectivity that are manifested in the speeches of bachelor economists in order to identify the teaching knowledge that configures the educational process, as well as the sources of this knowledge. Based on the construction and analysis of the meaning cores proposed by Aguiar and Ozella (2013), we seek to answer the following research question: what teaching knowledge is manifested in the speech of bachelor economists and professors working in Economic Sciences courses that configure the educational process? This research has a qualitative approach, whose empirical material production techniques were semi-structured interviews with professors who teach in Economic Sciences courses; document analysis of the National Curriculum Guidelines for Economic Sciences courses; pedagogical projects, and a questionnaire with open and closed questions applied in senior students. The theoretical foundation of analysis is the Historical-Critical Pedagogy in Education and the Historical-Cultural Psychology on human development. The relevance of this research lies in the possibility of contributing to the training improvement of professors, especially those who do not have a specific pedagogical training. The results point to the importance of the professor's trajectory as an undergraduate and graduate student in his/her construction as a higher education professor. The construction of this process is not visible, and above all it results from the influence of the pedagogical models adopted at the time when these now professors, were grad students. There is also the appreciation of knowledge related to the specific contents of this field of knowledge, making it difficult to understand that teaching is marked by specificity, which is constituted necessarily by pedagogical knowledge that is often unknown by higher education professors, and which is based on educational theories.The thesis defended is that the senses and meanings manifested in the speeches of bachelor economists disregard that the specificity of teaching and its differentiation from other professions is in the pedagogical sphere. It is also highlighted that bachelor's degree professors have difficulties in apprehending the complexity of the teaching activity, resulting in a content view that seems to disregard the other knowledge involved in teaching, as well as its object of training. In this way, it is expected that the results may inspire a change in the configuration of stricto sensu graduate courses, and promote significant experience of continuing education within the scope of HEIs, so that educational theories are important parts of the training of undergraduate professors, as well as contributing to debates on the training of higher education professors.
This research deals with the knowledge of undergraduate professors of Economic Sciences courses, from two private higher education institutions in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, developed in the line of research on professor education and pedagogical practices.The general objective of the study was to apprehend the meanings and subjectivity that are manifested in the speeches of bachelor economists in order to identify the teaching knowledge that configures the educational process, as well as the sources of this knowledge. Based on the construction and analysis of the meaning cores proposed by Aguiar and Ozella (2013), we seek to answer the following research question: what teaching knowledge is manifested in the speech of bachelor economists and professors working in Economic Sciences courses that configure the educational process? This research has a qualitative approach, whose empirical material production techniques were semi-structured interviews with professors who teach in Economic Sciences courses; document analysis of the National Curriculum Guidelines for Economic Sciences courses; pedagogical projects, and a questionnaire with open and closed questions applied in senior students. The theoretical foundation of analysis is the Historical-Critical Pedagogy in Education and the Historical-Cultural Psychology on human development. The relevance of this research lies in the possibility of contributing to the training improvement of professors, especially those who do not have a specific pedagogical training. The results point to the importance of the professor's trajectory as an undergraduate and graduate student in his/her construction as a higher education professor. The construction of this process is not visible, and above all it results from the influence of the pedagogical models adopted at the time when these now professors, were grad students. There is also the appreciation of knowledge related to the specific contents of this field of knowledge, making it difficult to understand that teaching is marked by specificity, which is constituted necessarily by pedagogical knowledge that is often unknown by higher education professors, and which is based on educational theories.The thesis defended is that the senses and meanings manifested in the speeches of bachelor economists disregard that the specificity of teaching and its differentiation from other professions is in the pedagogical sphere. It is also highlighted that bachelor's degree professors have difficulties in apprehending the complexity of the teaching activity, resulting in a content view that seems to disregard the other knowledge involved in teaching, as well as its object of training. In this way, it is expected that the results may inspire a change in the configuration of stricto sensu graduate courses, and promote significant experience of continuing education within the scope of HEIs, so that educational theories are important parts of the training of undergraduate professors, as well as contributing to debates on the training of higher education professors.
