Barriga solidária: a experiência vivida da mãe intencional e da gestante substituta
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)
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A prática da barriga solidária, conhecida também como gestação por substituição altruísta, tem se tornado uma alternativa viável para casais que enfrentam dificuldades de concepção. No Brasil, a barriga solidária, técnica de reprodução assistida, é regulamentada pelo Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM), segundo o qual apenas mulheres com impedimento médico podem recorrer a essa técnica, enquanto a gestante substituta deve ter parentesco de até quarto grau com a mãe intencional. A mulher que empresta seu útero, independentemente de desejar ou não a maternidade para si, enfrenta desafios físicos e emocionais ao gestar um bebê que não é geneticamente seu. Por outro lado, a mulher que deseja ser mãe, mas não consegue conceber, vivencia o luto de não gestar seu próprio filho, uma experiência que pode impactá-la psicologicamente. Esta pesquisa objetivou investigar a experiência vivida de mães intencionais e de gestantes substitutas na gestação pelo método da barriga solidária, à luz dos pressupostos teóricos da psicanálise winnicottiana. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa metodologicamente orientada pelo método psicanalítico; utilizou como estratégias metodológicas a Entrevista Transicional e a Narrativa Interativa para acessar os conteúdos inconscientes presentes nesse processo. A pesquisadora realizou seis entrevistas transicionais individuais na modalidade on-line, iniciadas a partir de uma narrativa interativa. Três mães substitutas e três mães intencionais maiores de 18 anos, que vivenciaram o processo de barriga solidária, foram convidadas a compartilhar suas experiências. A análise interpretativa das narrativas permitiu identificar quatro Campos de Sentido Afetivo-Emocional que organizam as vivências relatadas. Para as gestantes substitutas: (1) “Foi difícil entender que poderia amar o que não era meu”, que expressa a ambivalência vivida diante do vínculo gestacional; (2) “O sofrimento ao ser tratada como extensão do desejo da outra pessoa: corpo invadido e controlado” que evidencia a experiência da mãe substituta sobre a responsabilidade nela depositada pela renúncia da mãe intencional ao próprio corpo como via para a maternidade. Para as gestantes intencionais: (3) “Eu só seria feliz se tivesse um filho”, que revela o desejo intenso e a vulnerabilidade emocional da mulher que não consegue gerar; (4) “Confiar e vigiar”, que descreve o paradoxo vivido pela mãe intencional entre confiar na gestante substituta e lidar com o desejo de controlar o processo. De modo geral, os resultados evidenciam que a experiência da barriga solidária é atravessada por intensas ambivalências afetivas, tensões relacionais e negociações simbólicas em torno do corpo, do vínculo gestacional e do desejo de maternidade. Espera-se que este estudo possa contribuir para o aprofundamento de conhecimentos na área de psicologia clínica, assim como para ampliar o debate e a proposição de políticas públicas voltadas à saúde mental e aos direitos reprodutivos das mulheres; assim como para o aprimoramento das práticas de cuidado humanizado, sintonizadas com as necessidades emocionais de mulheres que recorrem aos procedimentos previstos no processo de barriga solidária.
Altruistic surrogacymhas increasingly emerged as a viable option for couples who experience difficulties with conception. In Brazil, this assisted eproduction practice is regulated by the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM), which stipulates that only women with a medical contraindication to pregnancy may resort to this technique, and that the surrogate must be a relative of the intended mother within the fourth degree of kinship. Regardless of whether she desires motherhood for herself, the woman who carries the pregnancy faces significant physical and emotional challenges when gestating a child who is not genetically her own. Conversely, women who wish to become mothers but are unable to conceive experience the mourning associated with not carrying their own child, an experience that may have profound psychological consequences. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of intended mothers and surrogate mothers within the context of altruistic surrogacy, grounded in the theoretical framework of Winnicottian psychoanalysis. The research adopted a qualitative design, methodologically guided by psychoanalytic method, and employed Transitional Interviews and Interactive Narratives as methodological strategies to access unconscious dimensions embedded in the surrogacy process. The researcher conducted six individual online transitional interviews, each initiated through an interactive narrative. Three surrogate mothers and three intended mothers over the age of 18, all of whom had experienced altruistic surrogacy, were invited to share their narratives. Interpretative analysis of the narratives revealed four Affective–Emotional Fields of Meaning that organized participants’ experiences. For surrogate mothers, two central fields emerged: (1) “It was difficult to understand that I could love what was not mine,” expressing the ambivalence surrounding the gestational bond; and (2) “The suffering of being treated as an extension of another’s desire: an invaded and controlled body,” highlighting the surrogate’s experience of having her body subjected to monitoring and control, rooted in the trust placed in her through the intended mother’s renunciation of her own body as the pathway to motherhood. For intended mothers, two additional fields were identified: (3) “I could only be happy if I had a child,” revealing the intensity of desire and emotional vulnerability experienced by women unable to conceive; and (4) “Trusting and monitoring,” which captures the paradox faced by intended mothers as they oscillate between reliance on the surrogate and the impulse to exert control over the process. This study is expected to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in clinical psychology, as well as to expanding critical discussions and informing public policies related to women’s mental health and reproductive rights. Additionally, it aims to support the development of more humanized care practices that are attuned to the emotional needs of women who engage in altruistic surrogacy arrangements.
Altruistic surrogacymhas increasingly emerged as a viable option for couples who experience difficulties with conception. In Brazil, this assisted eproduction practice is regulated by the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM), which stipulates that only women with a medical contraindication to pregnancy may resort to this technique, and that the surrogate must be a relative of the intended mother within the fourth degree of kinship. Regardless of whether she desires motherhood for herself, the woman who carries the pregnancy faces significant physical and emotional challenges when gestating a child who is not genetically her own. Conversely, women who wish to become mothers but are unable to conceive experience the mourning associated with not carrying their own child, an experience that may have profound psychological consequences. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of intended mothers and surrogate mothers within the context of altruistic surrogacy, grounded in the theoretical framework of Winnicottian psychoanalysis. The research adopted a qualitative design, methodologically guided by psychoanalytic method, and employed Transitional Interviews and Interactive Narratives as methodological strategies to access unconscious dimensions embedded in the surrogacy process. The researcher conducted six individual online transitional interviews, each initiated through an interactive narrative. Three surrogate mothers and three intended mothers over the age of 18, all of whom had experienced altruistic surrogacy, were invited to share their narratives. Interpretative analysis of the narratives revealed four Affective–Emotional Fields of Meaning that organized participants’ experiences. For surrogate mothers, two central fields emerged: (1) “It was difficult to understand that I could love what was not mine,” expressing the ambivalence surrounding the gestational bond; and (2) “The suffering of being treated as an extension of another’s desire: an invaded and controlled body,” highlighting the surrogate’s experience of having her body subjected to monitoring and control, rooted in the trust placed in her through the intended mother’s renunciation of her own body as the pathway to motherhood. For intended mothers, two additional fields were identified: (3) “I could only be happy if I had a child,” revealing the intensity of desire and emotional vulnerability experienced by women unable to conceive; and (4) “Trusting and monitoring,” which captures the paradox faced by intended mothers as they oscillate between reliance on the surrogate and the impulse to exert control over the process. This study is expected to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in clinical psychology, as well as to expanding critical discussions and informing public policies related to women’s mental health and reproductive rights. Additionally, it aims to support the development of more humanized care practices that are attuned to the emotional needs of women who engage in altruistic surrogacy arrangements.
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SARTO, Leticia Maria Dalosta. Barriga solidária: a experiência vivida da mãe intencional e da gestante substituta. 2026. 134 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Escola de Ciências da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas, 2026.
