Entre autoritarismo e livre mercado: As contradições do projeto liberal no chile de Pinochet
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)
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A ditadura de Pinochet, que se iniciou em 1973 no Chile, pode ser considerada como o início da primeira “experiência” neoliberal vista no mundo. O experimento neoliberal chileno acompanhou uma nova fase do capitalismo internacional: era o fim do keynesianismo, a derrota do Estado de bem-estar social e a vitória de uma nova versão do liberalismo econômico. Com isso, o Chile, que possuía uma forte tradição republicana e o primeiro presidente de esquerda democraticamente eleito da região, se viu obrigado, a partir de um modelo político autoritário, a adotar novas estratégias econômicas que transformaram o país no âmbito político, social e econômico. Este trabalho busca entender qual era o contexto que levou ao surgimento do neoliberalismo, e como foi a sua implementação no Chile sob o governo de Pinochet, a fim de demonstrar as contradições que essas políticas para a implantação desse modelo causaram no país, uma vez que não foram capazes de garantir um real desenvolvimento econômico para sua população, além do fato que, apesar do modelo neoliberal ter como base ideológica a defesa do livre-mercado e da liberdade individual, somente pode ter sido implementado no país sob a égide de uma ditadura militar extremamente autoritária e violenta.
Abstract Pinochet's dictatorship, which began in 1973 in Chile, can be considered as the beginning of the first neoliberal “experience” seen in the world. The Chilean neoliberal experiment accompanied a new phase of international capitalism: it was the end of Keynesianism, the defeat of the welfare state and the victory of a new version of economic liberalism. As a result, Chile, which had a strong republican tradition and the first democratically elected left-wing president in the region, found itself forced, based on an authoritarian political model, to adopt new economic strategies that transformed the country politically, socially and economically. This work seeks to understand what was the context that led to the emergence of neoliberalism, and how it was implemented in Chile under Pinochet's government, aiming to demonstrate the contradictions these policies caused in the country, one they were not able to guarantee real economic development for their population, and even though neoliberal model has as its ideological basis the defense of the free market and individual freedom, it could only have been implemented in the country under the aegis of an extremely authoritarian and violent military dictatorship
Abstract Pinochet's dictatorship, which began in 1973 in Chile, can be considered as the beginning of the first neoliberal “experience” seen in the world. The Chilean neoliberal experiment accompanied a new phase of international capitalism: it was the end of Keynesianism, the defeat of the welfare state and the victory of a new version of economic liberalism. As a result, Chile, which had a strong republican tradition and the first democratically elected left-wing president in the region, found itself forced, based on an authoritarian political model, to adopt new economic strategies that transformed the country politically, socially and economically. This work seeks to understand what was the context that led to the emergence of neoliberalism, and how it was implemented in Chile under Pinochet's government, aiming to demonstrate the contradictions these policies caused in the country, one they were not able to guarantee real economic development for their population, and even though neoliberal model has as its ideological basis the defense of the free market and individual freedom, it could only have been implemented in the country under the aegis of an extremely authoritarian and violent military dictatorship
