Exacerbação de DPOC: podem as estatinas modificar sua ocorrência? Um estudo observacional
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)
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A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) é uma condição respiratória heterogênea caracterizada por limitação persistente ao fluxo aéreo, inflamação crônica e importante impacto sobre a morbimortalidade. As exacerbações constituem um dos principais determinantes da progressão da doença, estando associadas à pior qualidade de vida, ao declínio acelerado da função pulmonar, ao aumento das hospitalizações e da mortalidade. Paralelamente, a elevada prevalência de comorbidades cardiometabólicas, especialmente a dislipidemia, e o reconhecimento dos efeitos anti-inflamatórios e imunomoduladores das estatinas suscitaram a hipótese de que essas medicações possam exercer benefícios além da redução dos níveis séricos de colesterol, influenciando a ocorrência e a gravidade das exacerbações da DPOC. O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar o número e a gravidade das exacerbações da DPOC entre pacientes com dislipidemia em uso e sem uso de estatinas. Como objetivos secundários, foram comparadas as características demográficas e clínicas, a gravidade da obstrução ao fluxo aéreo, o tratamento inalatório, o perfil lipídico e a associação entre a intensidade da terapia com estatinas e os desfechos relacionados às exacerbações. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, analítico, transversal e retrospectivo, realizado por meio da revisão de prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes acompanhados nos ambulatórios de Pneumologia e Clínica Médica do Hospital PUC-Campinas. A seleção da amostra foi realizada a partir da identificação de pacientes com diagnóstico de DPOC por meio do código CID-10 J44. Foram avaliados 958 prontuários, sendo incluídos 94 pacientes que preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade, todos com DPOC, fenótipo exacerbador e dislipidemia. As análises compararam pacientes em uso e sem uso de estatinas, bem como usuários de estatinas de alta e baixa potência, considerando o número anual de exacerbações, sua gravidade, a taxa de internações, o tratamento inalatório e o perfil lipídico. Os grupos apresentaram características demográficas e clínicas semelhantes, sem diferenças estatisticamente significativas quanto à gravidade da obstrução ao fluxo aéreo, ao tratamento inalatório ou ao perfil lipídico. Não foi observada associação entre o uso de estatinas e a redução da frequência das exacerbações, da gravidade dos episódios ou da taxa anual de internações. Da mesma forma, a intensidade da terapia hipolipemiante não influenciou esses desfechos. Os resultados mostraram-se consistentes com as principais evidências disponíveis e com revisões sistemáticas, que também não demonstraram benefício consistente das estatinas na prevenção de exacerbações da DPOC. Conclui-se que, nesta amostra de pacientes com DPOC, fenótipo exacerbador e dislipidemia, o uso de estatinas não esteve associado à redução da frequência ou da gravidade das exacerbações, nem à diminuição das internações relacionadas à doença. Embora exista plausibilidade biológica para um possível efeito anti-inflamatório dessas medicações, os achados reforçam que seu papel na modificação dos desfechos respiratórios da DPOC permanece inconclusivo, evidenciando a necessidade de estudos prospectivos, com maior número de participantes e delineamentos metodológicos mais robustos para esclarecer essa associação.
Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous respiratory condition characterized by persistent airflow limitation, chronic inflammation, and a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality. Exacerbations are among the main determinants of disease progression and are associated with poorer quality of life, accelerated decline in lung function, increased hospitalizations, and higher mortality. At the same time, the high prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities, particularly dyslipidemia, together with the recognized anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of statins, has raised the hypothesis that these drugs may provide benefits beyond lowering serum cholesterol levels, potentially influencing the occurrence and severity of COPD exacerbations. The present study aimed to compare the number and severity of COPD exacerbations among patients with dyslipidemia receiving statin therapy and those not receiving statins. Secondary objectives included comparing demographic and clinical characteristics, the severity of airflow obstruction, inhaled therapy, lipid profile, and the association between statin therapy intensity and exacerbation-related outcomes. This observational, analytical, cross sectional, and retrospective study was conducted through a review of electronic medical records of patients followed at the Pulmonology and Internal Medicine outpatient clinics of PUC-Campinas Hospital. The study population was identified using the ICD-10 code J44 for COPD. A total of 958 medical records were reviewed, and 94 patients who met the eligibility criteria were included, all presenting COPD, the exacerbator phenotype, and dyslipidemia. Analyses compared patients receiving and not receiving statins, as well as users of high- and low-intensity statin therapy, considering the annual number of exacerbations, exacerbation severity, hospitalization rate, inhaled therapy, and lipid profile. The groups showed similar demographic and clinical characteristics, with no statistically significant differences regarding the severity of airflow obstruction, inhaled therapy, or lipid profile. No association was observed between statin use and reductions in exacerbation frequency, exacerbation severity, or annual hospitalization rates. Likewise, the intensity of lipid-lowering therapy did not influence these outcomes. The findings were consistent with the available evidence and systematic reviews, which have also failed to demonstrate a consistent benefit of statins in preventing COPD exacerbations. In conclusion, in this sample of patients with COPD, the exacerbator phenotype, and dyslipidemia, statin use was not associated with a reduction in the frequency or severity of exacerbations, nor with a decrease in disease-related hospitalizations. Although there is biological plausibility for a potential anti inflammatory effect of statins, the findings suggest that their role in modifying COPD respiratory outcomes remains inconclusive, highlighting the need for prospective studies with larger sample sizes and more robust methodological designs to clarify this association.
Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous respiratory condition characterized by persistent airflow limitation, chronic inflammation, and a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality. Exacerbations are among the main determinants of disease progression and are associated with poorer quality of life, accelerated decline in lung function, increased hospitalizations, and higher mortality. At the same time, the high prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities, particularly dyslipidemia, together with the recognized anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of statins, has raised the hypothesis that these drugs may provide benefits beyond lowering serum cholesterol levels, potentially influencing the occurrence and severity of COPD exacerbations. The present study aimed to compare the number and severity of COPD exacerbations among patients with dyslipidemia receiving statin therapy and those not receiving statins. Secondary objectives included comparing demographic and clinical characteristics, the severity of airflow obstruction, inhaled therapy, lipid profile, and the association between statin therapy intensity and exacerbation-related outcomes. This observational, analytical, cross sectional, and retrospective study was conducted through a review of electronic medical records of patients followed at the Pulmonology and Internal Medicine outpatient clinics of PUC-Campinas Hospital. The study population was identified using the ICD-10 code J44 for COPD. A total of 958 medical records were reviewed, and 94 patients who met the eligibility criteria were included, all presenting COPD, the exacerbator phenotype, and dyslipidemia. Analyses compared patients receiving and not receiving statins, as well as users of high- and low-intensity statin therapy, considering the annual number of exacerbations, exacerbation severity, hospitalization rate, inhaled therapy, and lipid profile. The groups showed similar demographic and clinical characteristics, with no statistically significant differences regarding the severity of airflow obstruction, inhaled therapy, or lipid profile. No association was observed between statin use and reductions in exacerbation frequency, exacerbation severity, or annual hospitalization rates. Likewise, the intensity of lipid-lowering therapy did not influence these outcomes. The findings were consistent with the available evidence and systematic reviews, which have also failed to demonstrate a consistent benefit of statins in preventing COPD exacerbations. In conclusion, in this sample of patients with COPD, the exacerbator phenotype, and dyslipidemia, statin use was not associated with a reduction in the frequency or severity of exacerbations, nor with a decrease in disease-related hospitalizations. Although there is biological plausibility for a potential anti inflammatory effect of statins, the findings suggest that their role in modifying COPD respiratory outcomes remains inconclusive, highlighting the need for prospective studies with larger sample sizes and more robust methodological designs to clarify this association.
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Citação
FEITOSA, Cássia Coelho de Miranda. Exacerbação de DPOC: podem as estatinas modificar sua ocorrência? Um estudo observacional. 2026. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências da Saúde) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Ciências da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas, 2026.
