Associação entre variáveis de estilo de vida e sociodemográficas com a condição de multimorbidade: evidências para a população adulta brasileira.
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)
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Introdução: Embora a longevidade possa ser considerada uma das maiores
conquistas da humanidade, traz consigo alguns desafios. O acúmulo de duas ou mais
condições crônicas associadas, denominado multimorbidade, tem sido associado à
fatores de risco modificáveis como inatividade física, obesidade, tabagismo, consumo
excessivo de álcool e hábitos alimentares não saudáveis. A condição de
multimorbidade tem como consequência o declínio funcional, com comprometimento
da qualidade de vida, podendo ainda representar elevados custos para o sistema de
saúde. Objetivo: Identificar a associação entre variáveis de estilo de vida e
sociodemográficas com a condição de multimorbidade e as díades de multimorbidade
mais prevalentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal que utilizou informações de um
inquérito de base domiciliar de âmbito nacional, a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS)
de 2019. Foram consideradas variáveis relativas ao estilo de vida: tabagismo atual,
consumo de bebida alcoólica, prática de atividade física no lazer e alimentação. Além
das variáveis de estilo de vida foram avaliadas características sociodemográficas
como sexo, idade, raça, escolaridade e classificação socioeconônomica, além da
variável de estado nutricional. As variáveis desfecho de interesse foram a condição
de multimorbidade e as díades de multimorbidade mais prevalentes em ambos os
sexos (HAS_Hipercolesterolemia HAS_Coluna). Para avaliar a associação entre as
variáveis de estilo de vida e sociodemográficas com os desfechos, utilizou-se o
modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: Os resultados da análise multivariada
revelaram que a maior idade, ser do sexo feminino, ter baixo nível de escolaridade e
a condição de obesidade aumentaram significativamente a chance de
multimorbidade. Entre as variáveis relativas ao estilo de vida, observou-se que a
prática insuficiente de atividade física no lazer e o consumo não regular de feijão se
associaram positivamente ao desfecho de multimorbidade. Por outro lado, o consumo
não recomendado de frutas, legumes, verduras, o tempo excessivo de tela,
tabagismo e substituições de refeição por lanche, foram fatores protetores para os
defechos, divergindo de achados anteriores. Conclusão: Este estudo contribui para
a compreensão da multimorbidade, especialmente no contexto brasileiro,
evidenciando a importância dessa condição do ponto de vista da saúde pública, além
de identificar fatores de risco e padrões associativos. Fatores sociodemográficos
como idade mais avançada, ser do sexo feminino, ter menor nível de escolaridade e
apresentar a condição de obesidade aumentam as chances de ocorrência de
multmorbidade. Da mesma forma, ser insuficientemente ativo e não consumir feijão
regularmente aumentam a chance de ocorrência do desfecho
Introduction: Although longevity can be considered one of humanity's greatest achievements, it brings some challenges. The accumulation of two or more associated chronic conditions, called multimorbidity, has been associated with modifiable risk factors, such as physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and unhealthy eating habits. Multimorbidity results in functional decline, compromising quality of life, and may also represent high costs for the health system. Objective: To identify the association of lifestyle and sociodemographic variables with multimorbidity and the most prevalent multimorbidity dyads. Methods: This cross sectional study used information from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS), a nationwide household-based survey. The study considered variables related to lifestyle, including current smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity during leisure time, and nutrition. In addition to lifestyle variables, sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, age, race, education, and socioeconomic classification were evaluated, in addition to nutritional status. The outcome variables of interest were multimorbidity condition and the most prevalent multimorbidity dyads in both sexes (Hypertension_High cholesterol and Hypertension_Chronic back problem). A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between lifestyle and sociodemographic variables and outcomes. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that older age, being female, having a low level of education, and being obese significantly increased the chance of multimorbidity. Among the variables related to lifestyle, insufficient physical activity during leisure time and non-regular consumption of beans were positively associated with multimorbidity. In contrast, non recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables, excessive screen time, smoking, and replacing meals with snacks showed inverse associations with outcomes, diverging from previous findings. Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of multimorbidity, especially in the Brazilian context, highlighting the importance of this condition from a public health perspective in addition to identifying risk factors and associative patterns. Sociodemographic factors, such as older age, being female, having a lower level of education, and being obese, increase the chances of multimorbidity. Likewise, being insufficiently active and not consuming beans regularly increases the chance of the outcome.
Introduction: Although longevity can be considered one of humanity's greatest achievements, it brings some challenges. The accumulation of two or more associated chronic conditions, called multimorbidity, has been associated with modifiable risk factors, such as physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and unhealthy eating habits. Multimorbidity results in functional decline, compromising quality of life, and may also represent high costs for the health system. Objective: To identify the association of lifestyle and sociodemographic variables with multimorbidity and the most prevalent multimorbidity dyads. Methods: This cross sectional study used information from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS), a nationwide household-based survey. The study considered variables related to lifestyle, including current smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity during leisure time, and nutrition. In addition to lifestyle variables, sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, age, race, education, and socioeconomic classification were evaluated, in addition to nutritional status. The outcome variables of interest were multimorbidity condition and the most prevalent multimorbidity dyads in both sexes (Hypertension_High cholesterol and Hypertension_Chronic back problem). A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between lifestyle and sociodemographic variables and outcomes. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that older age, being female, having a low level of education, and being obese significantly increased the chance of multimorbidity. Among the variables related to lifestyle, insufficient physical activity during leisure time and non-regular consumption of beans were positively associated with multimorbidity. In contrast, non recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables, excessive screen time, smoking, and replacing meals with snacks showed inverse associations with outcomes, diverging from previous findings. Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of multimorbidity, especially in the Brazilian context, highlighting the importance of this condition from a public health perspective in addition to identifying risk factors and associative patterns. Sociodemographic factors, such as older age, being female, having a lower level of education, and being obese, increase the chances of multimorbidity. Likewise, being insufficiently active and not consuming beans regularly increases the chance of the outcome.
