Avaliação clínica, cefalométrica e polissonográfica em pacientes portadores de aos submetidos a faringoplastia lateral
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)
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Introdução: A Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (AOS) é caracterizada por pausas
respiratórias durante o sono, em decorrência de episódios repetidos obstrução total
ou parcial da via aérea superior durante o sono (apneia ou hipopneia). A fisiopatologia
da AOS é multifatorial e varia consideravelmente entre os indivíduos. Dentre os
tratamentos cirúrgicos, a Faringoplastia Lateral (FL) vem apresentando resultados
promissores na melhora dos sintomas e dos parâmetros polissonográficos. Dos vários
fatores relacionados a etiologia, a deformidade maxilo mandibular, diminui e espaço
faríngeo, que colabora com etiopatogenia da doença. A análise das características
craniofaciais é realizado através da cefalometria, um exame capaz de demonstrar uma
relação entre avaliação esquelética, estruturas das vias aéreas superiores em
pacientes com AOS. Objetivo: Comparar a deformidade craniofacial, com os
parâmetros polissonográficos, em pacientes portadores de AOS submetidos a FL.
Correlacionar as medidas craniofaciais, com dados polissográficos pré e pós cirúrgico
em pacientes submetidos a FL e avaliar as variáveis que influenciam nos resultados
cirúrgicos. Método: Avaliado amostra de conveniência de 30 participantes, que foram
diagnosticados com AOS, confirmado por meio de exame polissonográfico (PSG) do
tipo I, na faixa etária de 18 a 65 anos, e que foram submetidos à cirurgia de FL no
Hospital PUC Campinas no período de 2010 a 2019. Realizado uma avaliação clínica,
e análise cefalométrica. Resultados: A variável IAH (índice de apneia e hipopneia)
pré-cirúrgico mostrou-se moderada e positivamente correlacionada à variável
distância osso hioide e plano mandibular (H-Mp), (p=0,001). Comparando parâmetros
avaliados nos pacientes antes e após a intervenção cirúrgica, SNA (Ângulo formado
pela intersecção das linhas sela-násio e násio-A) (p=0,002), SNB (Ângulo formado
pela intersecção das linhas sela-násio e násio-B) (p=0.003), e H-Mp (p=0,001)
mostraram correlação moderada com a diminuição de IAH, e ANB (Ângulo formado
pela intersecção das linhas násio-A e násio-B (p= 0,004) e Ba-ENP (medida linear da
“faringe óssea) (p= 0,002) uma forte correlação com a diminuição de IAH, variação
p=0,001 a 0,004. Entretanto, quando avaliamos o desfecho sucesso e insucesso da
FL, a relação das medidas cefalométricas empregadas, não tiveram diferenças
significativas, variação de p=0,437 a 0,897. Conclusão: As variáveis cefalométricas
são dados importantes, mas não são capazes de modificar ou determinar o êxito da
cirurgia, necessitando de futuros estudos para identificar melhor essas correlações.
Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is characterized by breathing pauses during sleep, due to repeated episodes of total or partial obstruction of the upper airways during sleep (apnea or hypopnea). The pathophysiology of OSA is multifactorial and varies considerably between individuals. Among the surgical treatments, Lateral Pharyngoplasty (PL) has shown promising results in improving symptoms and polysomnographic parameters. Of the various factors related to the etiology, maxillomandibular deformity, reduction and pharyngeal space stand out, which collaborates with the etiopathogenesis of the disease. The analysis of craniofacial characteristics is performed using cephalometry, an exam capable of demonstrating a relationship between skeletal assessment and upper airway structures in patients with OSA. Objective: To compare craniofacial deformity with polysomnographic parameters, in patients with OSA undergoing LP. Correlate craniofacial measurements with pre- and post-surgical polysomnographic data in patients undergoing LP and evaluate the variables that influence the surgical results. Method: A convenience sample of 30 participants was evaluated, who were diagnosed with OSA, confirmed by polysomnographic examination (PSG) type I, aged between 18 and 65 years, and who underwent LP surgery at Hospital PUC Campinas from 2010 to 2019. A clinical evaluation and cephalometric analysis were performed. Results: The pre-surgical AHI variable (apnea and hypopnea index) was shown to be moderately and positively correlated with the variable hyoid bone and mandibular plane distance (H-Mp), (p=0.001). Comparing parameters evaluated in patients before and after surgery, SNA (Angle formed by the intersection of the saddle-nasion and nasion-A lines) (p=0.002), SNB (Angle formed by the intersection of the saddle-nasion and nasion-B lines) (p=0.003), and H-Mp (p=0.001) showed moderate correlation with the decrease in AHI, and ANB (Angle formed by the intersection of the nasion-A and nasion-B lines (p= 0.004) and Ba-ENP ( linear measure of “bony pharynx) (p=0.002) a strong correlation with the decrease in AHI, ranging from p=0.001 to 0.004. However, when we evaluated the outcome of success and failure of LF, the relationship of cephalometric measurements used did not have significant differences, ranging from p=0.437 to 0.897. Conclusion: Cephalometric variables are important data, but they are not capable of modifying or determining the success of the surgery, requiring further studies to better identify these correlations.
Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is characterized by breathing pauses during sleep, due to repeated episodes of total or partial obstruction of the upper airways during sleep (apnea or hypopnea). The pathophysiology of OSA is multifactorial and varies considerably between individuals. Among the surgical treatments, Lateral Pharyngoplasty (PL) has shown promising results in improving symptoms and polysomnographic parameters. Of the various factors related to the etiology, maxillomandibular deformity, reduction and pharyngeal space stand out, which collaborates with the etiopathogenesis of the disease. The analysis of craniofacial characteristics is performed using cephalometry, an exam capable of demonstrating a relationship between skeletal assessment and upper airway structures in patients with OSA. Objective: To compare craniofacial deformity with polysomnographic parameters, in patients with OSA undergoing LP. Correlate craniofacial measurements with pre- and post-surgical polysomnographic data in patients undergoing LP and evaluate the variables that influence the surgical results. Method: A convenience sample of 30 participants was evaluated, who were diagnosed with OSA, confirmed by polysomnographic examination (PSG) type I, aged between 18 and 65 years, and who underwent LP surgery at Hospital PUC Campinas from 2010 to 2019. A clinical evaluation and cephalometric analysis were performed. Results: The pre-surgical AHI variable (apnea and hypopnea index) was shown to be moderately and positively correlated with the variable hyoid bone and mandibular plane distance (H-Mp), (p=0.001). Comparing parameters evaluated in patients before and after surgery, SNA (Angle formed by the intersection of the saddle-nasion and nasion-A lines) (p=0.002), SNB (Angle formed by the intersection of the saddle-nasion and nasion-B lines) (p=0.003), and H-Mp (p=0.001) showed moderate correlation with the decrease in AHI, and ANB (Angle formed by the intersection of the nasion-A and nasion-B lines (p= 0.004) and Ba-ENP ( linear measure of “bony pharynx) (p=0.002) a strong correlation with the decrease in AHI, ranging from p=0.001 to 0.004. However, when we evaluated the outcome of success and failure of LF, the relationship of cephalometric measurements used did not have significant differences, ranging from p=0.437 to 0.897. Conclusion: Cephalometric variables are important data, but they are not capable of modifying or determining the success of the surgery, requiring further studies to better identify these correlations.
