O trabalho docente na implementação do novo ensino médio paulista
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)
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A pesquisa insere-se na linha de pesquisa Políticas Públicas em Educação do Programa de Pós Graduação em Educação da PUC-Campinas, visto que se debruça sobre as repercussões da implementação da reforma do Ensino Médio para o trabalho docente paulista. A partir da Lei nº 13.415/2017, os estados brasileiros passaram a implementar uma reforma no Ensino Médio que promove a flexibilização curricular com o oferecimento dos itinerários formativos organizados em áreas de conhecimento. Em São Paulo, a implementação ocorreu a partir de 2021, em meio à pandemia de Covid-19, sendo posteriormente revista em 2023 e efetivada em 2024, de modo que até 2025 coexistem alterações em âmbito nacional e estadual. Nesse contexto, as escolas e, sobretudo, os professores tornaram-se os principais sujeitos responsáveis por colocar em andamento tais mudanças. Diante desse cenário, o problema de investigação desta tese expressa-se por meio da pergunta: quais são as implicações da reforma do Novo Ensino Médio para o trabalho dos professores de aprofundamento curricular da rede estadual paulista? O estudo teve como objetivo analisar as implicações do Novo Ensino Médio para o trabalho docente na rede pública de ensino do estado de São Paulo, sob a ótica do Ciclo de Políticas de Ball e Bowe (1992; 1994). Deste modo, adotou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou três procedimentos: a análise de documentos oficiais e normativas sobre a reforma curricular, a aplicação de um questionário fechado a cinquenta e cinco professores distribuídos
entre quatro escolas de Ensino Médio, localizadas em uma cidade do interior de São Paulo, e, em uma etapa subsequente, entrevistas semiestruturadas em duas dessas instituições, uma de ensino regular e outra pertencente ao programa de ensino integral, sendo escolhidos quatro professores de cada unidade escolar, um de cada área do conhecimento. Por meio da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (1979), constatou-se que a política de flexibilização curricular, no Contexto da Prática, se traduziu na intensificação e fragmentação do trabalho docente. Os resultados apontam para a dificuldade em planejar aulas de aprofundamento curricular, onde o uso de materiais prescritivos restringe a autonomia, além da exigência de atuação em áreas alheias à formação inicial. Conclui-se que o NEM, ao somar esses fatores à intensa carga de trabalho cotidiana e à dualidade estrutural, comprometeu as condições objetivas de trabalho, culminando em crise de identidade e elevada rotatividade na rede.
This research is situated within the Research Line of Public Policies in Education of the Graduate Program in Education at PUC-Campinas, as it focuses on the impact of the High School reform's implementation on teaching practice in the São Paulo state network. Beginning with Federal Law nº 13.415/2017, Brazilian states began implementing a High School reform that promotes curricular flexibility through the provision of formative pathways (itinerários formativos) organized into areas of knowledge. In São Paulo, implementation began in 2021, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, was subsequently revised in 2023, and enacted in 2024. Consequently, until 2025, alterations coexist at the national and state levels. In this context, schools, and especially teachers, became the main subjects responsible for implementing these changes. Given this scenario, the thesis's research problem is expressed through the question: What are the implications of the New High School (NEM) reform for the work of teachers of Elective curricular courses in the São Paulo state network? The study aimed to analyze the implications of the NEM for teaching practice in the public school network of the state of São Paulo, using the framework of Ball and Bowe’s Policy Cycle (1992; 1994). To this end, a qualitative study was adopted, utilizing three procedures: the analysis of official documents and regulatory standards concerning the curricular reform; the application of a closed questionnaire to fifty-five teachers across four high schools located in an inland city of São Paulo; and, semi structured interviews in a subsequent stage, conducted at two of these institutions (one regular education school and one belonging to the full-time program), selecting four teachers from each school unit, one from each area of knowledge. Through Bardin's Content Analysis (1979), it was found that the policy of curricular flexibility, in the Context of Practice, translated into the intensification and fragmentation of teaching practice. The results point to the difficulties in planning Elective Curricular Modules, where the use of prescriptive aterials restricts professional autonomy, in addition to the requirement to teach in areas unrelated to initial training. It is concluded that the NEM, by adding these factors to the already intense daily workload and structural duality, has compromised objective working conditions, culminating in an identity crisis and high staff turnover in the network.
This research is situated within the Research Line of Public Policies in Education of the Graduate Program in Education at PUC-Campinas, as it focuses on the impact of the High School reform's implementation on teaching practice in the São Paulo state network. Beginning with Federal Law nº 13.415/2017, Brazilian states began implementing a High School reform that promotes curricular flexibility through the provision of formative pathways (itinerários formativos) organized into areas of knowledge. In São Paulo, implementation began in 2021, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, was subsequently revised in 2023, and enacted in 2024. Consequently, until 2025, alterations coexist at the national and state levels. In this context, schools, and especially teachers, became the main subjects responsible for implementing these changes. Given this scenario, the thesis's research problem is expressed through the question: What are the implications of the New High School (NEM) reform for the work of teachers of Elective curricular courses in the São Paulo state network? The study aimed to analyze the implications of the NEM for teaching practice in the public school network of the state of São Paulo, using the framework of Ball and Bowe’s Policy Cycle (1992; 1994). To this end, a qualitative study was adopted, utilizing three procedures: the analysis of official documents and regulatory standards concerning the curricular reform; the application of a closed questionnaire to fifty-five teachers across four high schools located in an inland city of São Paulo; and, semi structured interviews in a subsequent stage, conducted at two of these institutions (one regular education school and one belonging to the full-time program), selecting four teachers from each school unit, one from each area of knowledge. Through Bardin's Content Analysis (1979), it was found that the policy of curricular flexibility, in the Context of Practice, translated into the intensification and fragmentation of teaching practice. The results point to the difficulties in planning Elective Curricular Modules, where the use of prescriptive aterials restricts professional autonomy, in addition to the requirement to teach in areas unrelated to initial training. It is concluded that the NEM, by adding these factors to the already intense daily workload and structural duality, has compromised objective working conditions, culminating in an identity crisis and high staff turnover in the network.
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JORGE, Luana Aparecida de Oliveira. 2025. 136 f. O trabalho docente na implementação do Novo Ensino Médio Paulista. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) - Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Educação, Escola de Ciências Humanas, Jurídicas e Sociais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas, 2025.
