Revisando práticas docentes no ensino superior: metodologias ativas e tecnologias digitais em debate
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)
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Esta pesquisa, que está vinculada à linha de Formação de Professores e Práticas Pedagógicas e ao Grupo de Pesquisa Educação e Tecnologia (GedTecs/DGP-CNPQ), nasce do meu desejo de investigar, em maior escala, a aplicação efetiva de metodologias ativas (MA) e tecnologias digitais (TD) em práticas pedagógicas no Ensino Superior. A discussão está fundamentada nas contribuições de Azzari (2024); Moran, Masetto e Behrens (2021); Knobel e Kalman (2016); e Libâneo (2017), entre outros. Tive por objetivo ampliar o conhecimento sobre o papel/lugar ocupado tanto pelas MA quanto pelas TD nas práticas de professores em diversos cursos de graduação em diferentes Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) brasileiras. Os objetivos específicos foram: (i) mapear o uso de MA e TD nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem em cursos de graduação no contexto escolhido, e (ii) desenvolver uma análise crítica dos resultados obtidos em que possa consubstanciar discussões teóricas sobre o escopo de utilização/adoção das MA e TD no Ensino Superior e suas implicações na formação de professores. Adotei a abordagem qualitativa com suporte em dados quantitativos (Denzin; Lincoln, 2007). Primeiramente, um questionário on-line (Pereira, 2016), desenvolvido em Microsoft Forms, foi enviado a professores que atuam em diversos cursos de graduação de diferentes áreas acadêmicas em 25 universidades (públicas e privadas) do Brasil. Os resultados considerados significativos para uma exploração qualitativa foram submetidos a um exame mais detalhado para identificar temas para um roteiro que norteou entrevistas (Creswell; Creswell, 2021), destinadas a aprofundar a investigação. Por fim, realizamos uma análise qualitativa interpretativa (Denzin; Lincoln, 2007), fundamentada na revisão da literatura. Como os procedimentos da pesquisa recorreram à participação humana, a proposta contou com o parecer do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da PUC-Campinas. Os resultados apontam ainda ser necessário ampliar programas de formação continuada voltados à discussão sobre o emprego de MA e TD no Ensino Superior, a fim de apoiar a incorporação crítica e situada dessas práticas. As análises também denotam a carência de investimento em infraestrutura tecnológica a fim de promover a inclusão digital, bem como ressaltam a necessidade da valorização do tempo docente, uma vez que a adoção de práticas educacionais diferenciadas frequentemente implica maior esforço de planejamento e acompanhamento. Espero contribuir para discussões empíricas e teóricas sobre os papéis das MA e das TD nas práticas pedagógicas no Ensino Superior, ampliando o escopo do entendimento acerca da temática central. E, por fim, este estudo oferece olhares relevantes para a formação inicial e/ou continuada de professores, contribuindo para a expansão de perspectivas de ensino e aprendizagem entre outras questões relacionadas aos desafios enfrentados no Ensino Superior brasileiro.
This research, which is associated to the Teacher Education and Pedagogical Practices research field, and to the Education and Technologies Research Group (GedTecs/DGP-CNPQ), emerges from our interest in investigating, on a broader scale, the effective application of active methodologies (AM) and digital technologies (DT) in pedagogical practices in Higher Education. The discussion is grounded on the contributions of Azzari (2024), Moran, Masetto, and Behrens (2021); Knobel and Kalman (2016); Freire (2019); and Libâneo (2017), among others. The main objective of this study is to expand knowledge about the role/ place occupied by both AM and DT in the practices of professors across various undergraduate programs in different Brazilian higher education institutions (HEIs). The specific objectives include: (i) mapping the use of AM and DT in teaching and learning processes within the selected context, and (ii)developing a critical analysis of the results obtained to support theoretical discussions on the scope of adopting AM and DT in Higher Education and their implications for teacher education. We adopted a qualitative research approach supported by descriptive quantitative data (Denzin & Lincoln, 2007). Initially, an online questionnaire (Pereira, 2016), developed using Microsoft Forms, was sent to professors working in various undergraduate courses from different academic fields across 25 public and private universities in Brazil. The data collected were organized and submitted to quantitative analysis. Next, results considered significant for qualitative exploration were examined in greater depth to identify themes that informed the development of a interview guide (Creswell & Creswell, 2021) designed to further deepen the investigation. Finally, we conducted a interpretative qualitative analysis (Denzin & Lincoln, 2007), grounded in a comprehensive literature review. Since the research procedures involved human participation, the proposal was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of PUC-Campinas. The results indicate the there is still a need to expand continuing education programs focused on discussing the use of AM and DT in Higher Education, in order to support the critical and context sensitive incorporation of these practices. The analyses also highlight the lack of investment in technological infrastructure needed to promote digital inclusion, as well as the importance of valuing faculty time, given that the adoption of differentiated educational practices often demands greater planning and monitoring efforts. We hope to contribute to empirical and theoretical discussions on the roles of AM and DT in pedagogical practices in Higher Education, broadening the understanding of this central theme. Finally, this study offers relevant insights for initial and/or continuing teacher education, contributing to the expansion of teaching and learning perspectives, among other issues related to the challenges faced in Brazilian Higher Education.
This research, which is associated to the Teacher Education and Pedagogical Practices research field, and to the Education and Technologies Research Group (GedTecs/DGP-CNPQ), emerges from our interest in investigating, on a broader scale, the effective application of active methodologies (AM) and digital technologies (DT) in pedagogical practices in Higher Education. The discussion is grounded on the contributions of Azzari (2024), Moran, Masetto, and Behrens (2021); Knobel and Kalman (2016); Freire (2019); and Libâneo (2017), among others. The main objective of this study is to expand knowledge about the role/ place occupied by both AM and DT in the practices of professors across various undergraduate programs in different Brazilian higher education institutions (HEIs). The specific objectives include: (i) mapping the use of AM and DT in teaching and learning processes within the selected context, and (ii)developing a critical analysis of the results obtained to support theoretical discussions on the scope of adopting AM and DT in Higher Education and their implications for teacher education. We adopted a qualitative research approach supported by descriptive quantitative data (Denzin & Lincoln, 2007). Initially, an online questionnaire (Pereira, 2016), developed using Microsoft Forms, was sent to professors working in various undergraduate courses from different academic fields across 25 public and private universities in Brazil. The data collected were organized and submitted to quantitative analysis. Next, results considered significant for qualitative exploration were examined in greater depth to identify themes that informed the development of a interview guide (Creswell & Creswell, 2021) designed to further deepen the investigation. Finally, we conducted a interpretative qualitative analysis (Denzin & Lincoln, 2007), grounded in a comprehensive literature review. Since the research procedures involved human participation, the proposal was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of PUC-Campinas. The results indicate the there is still a need to expand continuing education programs focused on discussing the use of AM and DT in Higher Education, in order to support the critical and context sensitive incorporation of these practices. The analyses also highlight the lack of investment in technological infrastructure needed to promote digital inclusion, as well as the importance of valuing faculty time, given that the adoption of differentiated educational practices often demands greater planning and monitoring efforts. We hope to contribute to empirical and theoretical discussions on the roles of AM and DT in pedagogical practices in Higher Education, broadening the understanding of this central theme. Finally, this study offers relevant insights for initial and/or continuing teacher education, contributing to the expansion of teaching and learning perspectives, among other issues related to the challenges faced in Brazilian Higher Education.
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