Igrejas evangélicas no Brasil contemporâneo: critérios para a classificação dos novos pentecostalismos
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)
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Esta pesquisa verifica as formas utilizadas em relação à classificação do protestantismo avivado no Brasil e suas modificações de acordo com o tempo. Dentro desta reflexão, são estudadas as mudanças culturais urbanas industriais, as classes sociais dos fiéis, o ascetismo dos evangélicos dentro e fora das instituições religiosas e a ênfase dos rituais protestantes (cultos). Discussões feitas por pesquisadores do Centro Brasileiro de Análise e Planejamento (Cebrap) afirmam que um dos maiores desafios do pentecostalismo foi o de atingir a classe média, devido à grande ascensão dos pentecostais nas chamadas periferias urbanas, enquanto a classe social dominante pertencente ao protestantismo era de denominações históricas. Portanto, o pentecostalismo e o neopentecostalismo estão associados, de certa forma, à classe econômica mais baixa da pirâmide social. Recentemente, tem-se observado a classe média migrando ou se convertendo a um protestantismo carismático e avivado, muitas vezes pentecostal (mas não exclusivamente), porém, com aspectos considerados descolados, diferente do que se via anteriormente nas igrejas evangélicas. Muitos brasileiros das classes médias se converteram ao cristianismo cool, empregado pela Hillsong Church, sendo referência para outras igrejas brasileiras, como o desenvolvimento da Brasa Church e a transformação estética na Zion Church e Lagoinha Global, e tipologizado na presente pesquisa como “Churches”. A metodologia é bibliográfica, resgatando pesquisas já realizadas por estudiosos da área, bem como documental, pela utilização de fontes primárias, obtidas pela rede social oficial das instituições religiosas selecionadas, o Instagram. Em suma, há um elemento importante para a conversão da classe média e da juventude ao protestantismo avivado que precisa ser explorado, sendo ele a aposta em práticas de acolhimento e locais de reuniões sofisticadas e luxuosas. Além disso, as igrejas contemporâneas envolvem desde o worship, abusam da cultura de celebridades, até a iluminação agradável, sons profissionais e telões. O resultado desta pesquisa visa a analisar e aprofundar essas nuances não apontadas em estudos anteriores e, por fim apontar as inovações da Hillsong Church, Brasa Church, Zion Church e Lagoinha Global em uma nova classificação.
Abstract This research verifies the forms used about the classification of revived Protestantism in Brazil and its modifications according to time. Within this reflection, the following are studied: industrial urban cultural changes, the social classes of the faithful, the asceticism of evangelicals inside and outside religious institutions, and the emphasis on Protestant rituals (cults). Discussions made by researchers from the Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning (Cebrap) affirm that one of the greatest challenges of Pentecostalism was to reach the middle class, due to the great rise of Pentecostals in the so-called urban peripheries, while the dominant social class belonging to Protestantism was of historical denominations. Therefore, Pentecostalism and neo-Pentecostalism are associated, in a way, with the lowest economic class in the social pyramid. Recently, the middle class has been observed migrating or converting to a charismatic and revived Protestantism, often Pentecostal (not exclusively), but with aspects considered cool, different from what was previously seen in evangelical Churches. Many middle-class Brazilians converted to cool Christianity, employed by Hillsong Church, being a reference for Brazilian Churches, such as the development of Brasa Church and the aesthetic transformation in Zion Church and Lagoinha Global and typologized in this research as "Churches". The methodology is bibliographic, bringing together research already carried out by scholars in the area, as well as documentary, through the use of primary sources, obtained from the official social network of the selected religious institutions, Instagram. In short, there is an important element to the conversion of the middle class and youth to revived Protestantism that needs to be explored, and that is the staking of sophisticated and luxurious welcoming practices and meeting places. In addition, contemporary Churches involve everything from worship, and abusing celebrity culture, to pleasant lighting, professional sounds, and big screens. This research aims to analyze and deepen these nuances not pointed out in previous studies and, finally, point out the innovations between Hillsong Church, Brasa Church, Zion Church, and Lagoinha Global in a new classification.
Abstract This research verifies the forms used about the classification of revived Protestantism in Brazil and its modifications according to time. Within this reflection, the following are studied: industrial urban cultural changes, the social classes of the faithful, the asceticism of evangelicals inside and outside religious institutions, and the emphasis on Protestant rituals (cults). Discussions made by researchers from the Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning (Cebrap) affirm that one of the greatest challenges of Pentecostalism was to reach the middle class, due to the great rise of Pentecostals in the so-called urban peripheries, while the dominant social class belonging to Protestantism was of historical denominations. Therefore, Pentecostalism and neo-Pentecostalism are associated, in a way, with the lowest economic class in the social pyramid. Recently, the middle class has been observed migrating or converting to a charismatic and revived Protestantism, often Pentecostal (not exclusively), but with aspects considered cool, different from what was previously seen in evangelical Churches. Many middle-class Brazilians converted to cool Christianity, employed by Hillsong Church, being a reference for Brazilian Churches, such as the development of Brasa Church and the aesthetic transformation in Zion Church and Lagoinha Global and typologized in this research as "Churches". The methodology is bibliographic, bringing together research already carried out by scholars in the area, as well as documentary, through the use of primary sources, obtained from the official social network of the selected religious institutions, Instagram. In short, there is an important element to the conversion of the middle class and youth to revived Protestantism that needs to be explored, and that is the staking of sophisticated and luxurious welcoming practices and meeting places. In addition, contemporary Churches involve everything from worship, and abusing celebrity culture, to pleasant lighting, professional sounds, and big screens. This research aims to analyze and deepen these nuances not pointed out in previous studies and, finally, point out the innovations between Hillsong Church, Brasa Church, Zion Church, and Lagoinha Global in a new classification.
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Citação
MORORÓ, Natália Fernandes. Igrejas evangélicas no Brasil contemporâneo: critérios para a classificação dos novos pentecostalismos. 2025. 176 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências da Religião) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Religião, Escola de Ciências Humanas, Jurídicas e Sociais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas, 2025.
