Manifestações culturais na arquitetura contemporânea brasileira
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)
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As Bienais Internacionais de Arquitetura de São Paulo, na virada do milênio, apresentaram uma tendência de multiplicidade de vertentes e linguagens na arquitetura. Essa profusão de movimentos e tendências, sendo apresentadas em um momento de balanço e reflexão da produção arquitetônica do século XX, é fundamental para análises de movimentos e manifestações surgidas na contemporaneidade e, de certa maneira, norteia e permite um breve vislumbre de um futuro desejado. Dentre os inúmeros projetos apresentados nos espaços de intercâmbio das Bienais, se estabelece um tipo de arquitetura contrária aos padrões internacionais já consagrados pela arquitetura e crítica. Surge, portanto, a expressão "Arquitetura Culturalista", buscando explorar novas abordagens na interpretação de linguagem, materialidade e estética, resultando em edificações que se conectam profundamente com a cultura local enquanto se distanciam das teorias e leituras possíveis através do Regionalismo Crítico. Em contraste com as simplificações, assinaturas e impessoalidades do Novo Estilo Internacional, essas construções buscam estabelecer vínculos autênticos com as tradições e memória profunda, muitas vezes primitiva. No Brasil, pode-se observar que os trabalhos que manifestam a existência desse tipo de arquitetura, se diferem das linguagens adotadas e consolidadas pelas principais escolas de arquitetura do país, servindo de base para o desenvolvimento de novos caminhos para a produção contemporânea brasileira a partir da virada do milênio. No caminho do reconhecimento desta vertente, há uma grande batalha contra o apagamento de manifestações arquitetônicas contrárias ao discurso vigente e hegemônico, muitas vezes, ainda moderno, existente no Brasil. Cabe, portanto, a investigação da existência, delimitações estéticas e históricas, personagens e possibilidades de leitura, a partir da teoria crítica, com o objetivo de explicitar essas manifestações culturalistas e seus impactos na produção contemporânea brasileira. O trabalho parte do acervo de projetos, textos e documentos contidos na Fundação Bienal de São Paulo, acerca das Bienais Internacionais de Arquitetura de São Paulo, especificamente nos anos de 1997 e 1999, além de publicações de periódicos especializados que abranjam o período histórico em estudo. A partir de uma análise de toda documentação disponível, busca se fundamentar a existência e caracterizar a Arquitetura Culturalista, bem como suas continuidades na produção arquitetônica contemporânea brasileira.
Abstract The São Paulo International Architecture Biennials, at the turn of the millennium, exhibited a tendency toward a multiplicity of strands and languages in architecture. This profusion of movements and trends, presented at a moment of reflection and assessment of twentieth-century architectural production, is essential for analyzing developments and manifestations emerging in contemporary practice and, in a way, provides guidance and a brief glimpse of a desired future. Among the numerous projects showcased in the Biennials’ exchange spaces, a type of architecture emerges that challenges the international standards already established by architecture and criticism. Consequently, the term Culturalist Architecture arises, seeking to explore new approaches to the interpretation of language, materiality, and aesthetics, resulting in buildings that connect deeply with local culture while distancing themselves from the theoretical frameworks and readings associated with Critical Regionalism. In contrast to the simplifications, signatures, and impersonality of the New International Style, these constructions strive to establish authentic links with traditions and profound memory, often primitive in character. In Brazil, it can be observed that works manifesting this type of architecture differ from the languages adopted and consolidated by the country’s major architectural schools, providing a basis for the development of new directions in contemporary Brazilian architectural production from the turn of the millennium onwards. In the pursuit of recognizing this strand, there is a significant struggle against the erasure of architectural manifestations that oppose the prevailing and hegemonic discourse, often still modernist, in Brazil. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the existence, aesthetic and historical boundaries, key figures, and interpretative possibilities of these manifestations, grounded in critical theory, with the objective of elucidating Culturalist Architecture and its impact on contemporary Brazilian architectural production. This study draws on the collection of projects, texts, and documents held by the São Paulo Biennial Foundation, specifically concerning the 1997 and 1999 International Architecture Biennials, as well as publications in specialized journals covering the historical period under study. Through an analysis of all available documentation, it aims to substantiate the existence and characterize Culturalist Architecture, as well as its continuities in contemporary Brazilian architectural practice.
Abstract The São Paulo International Architecture Biennials, at the turn of the millennium, exhibited a tendency toward a multiplicity of strands and languages in architecture. This profusion of movements and trends, presented at a moment of reflection and assessment of twentieth-century architectural production, is essential for analyzing developments and manifestations emerging in contemporary practice and, in a way, provides guidance and a brief glimpse of a desired future. Among the numerous projects showcased in the Biennials’ exchange spaces, a type of architecture emerges that challenges the international standards already established by architecture and criticism. Consequently, the term Culturalist Architecture arises, seeking to explore new approaches to the interpretation of language, materiality, and aesthetics, resulting in buildings that connect deeply with local culture while distancing themselves from the theoretical frameworks and readings associated with Critical Regionalism. In contrast to the simplifications, signatures, and impersonality of the New International Style, these constructions strive to establish authentic links with traditions and profound memory, often primitive in character. In Brazil, it can be observed that works manifesting this type of architecture differ from the languages adopted and consolidated by the country’s major architectural schools, providing a basis for the development of new directions in contemporary Brazilian architectural production from the turn of the millennium onwards. In the pursuit of recognizing this strand, there is a significant struggle against the erasure of architectural manifestations that oppose the prevailing and hegemonic discourse, often still modernist, in Brazil. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the existence, aesthetic and historical boundaries, key figures, and interpretative possibilities of these manifestations, grounded in critical theory, with the objective of elucidating Culturalist Architecture and its impact on contemporary Brazilian architectural production. This study draws on the collection of projects, texts, and documents held by the São Paulo Biennial Foundation, specifically concerning the 1997 and 1999 International Architecture Biennials, as well as publications in specialized journals covering the historical period under study. Through an analysis of all available documentation, it aims to substantiate the existence and characterize Culturalist Architecture, as well as its continuities in contemporary Brazilian architectural practice.
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ROSALINO, Alisson Tavares. Manifestações culturais na arquitetura contemporânea brasileira. 2026. 186 f. Tese (Doutorado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Escola de Arquitetura, Artes e Design, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas, 2026.
