A regularização fundiária como política pública de efetivação do direito fundamental à moradia adequada: estudo da implementação no município de Campinas
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa aborda o tema da política pública de regularização fundiária,
prevista na lei nº 13.465/17 (denominada de lei da REURB), e sua função como
instrumento de efetivação do direito social à moradia adequada, o que leva à sua
vinculação à linha de pesquisa “Direitos Humanos e Políticas Públicas” do Programa
de Pós-Graduação em Direito da PUC-Campinas. O trabalho se justifica pelo histórico
déficit habitacional brasileiro, agravado pela irregularidade das ocupações informais
que atingem, em sua maior parte, favelas e comunidades de baixa renda. Assim, a
pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender o conteúdo do direito à moradia adequada,
adotando como marco teórico, em âmbito internacional, o relatório técnico
denominado The Right to Adequate Housing e a Nova Agenda Urbana, decorrente da
conferência Habitat-III, elaborados em conjunto pelo Escritório do Alto Comissário das
Nações Unidas para os Direitos Humanos (OHCHR) e pelo Programa das Nações
Unidas para os Assentamentos Humanos (ONU-Habitat), para verificar se essas
normas podem ser aplicadas ao Brasil, com base na legislação atualmente vigente.
Compreendido esse conceito, a pesquisa busca como resultado avaliar o atual modelo
de regularização fundiária brasileiro, para verificar se é capaz de garantir esse direito
à moradia adequada. Ademais, é realizado um estudo de caso de regularização
fundiária do Município de Campinas, com a finalidade de identificar as distorções entre
o modelo legal e a prática institucional. Nos dois primeiros capítulos, é utilizado o
método dedutivo, partindo-se do conceito geral de moradia adequada, para avaliar a
adequação da legislação específica sobre regularização fundiária ao seu conteúdo.
Já no terceiro capítulo, as entrevistas inéditas com gestores da regularização fundiária
em Campinas levaram à inferências críticas, permitindo a propositura de soluções
legislativas gerais, a partir do caso de Campinas, o que denota o uso do método
indutivo. Assim, o presente trabalho considera a hipótese de que o atual modelo de
regularização fundiária, apesar de importantes avanços recentes, não é
suficientemente capaz de incrementar a eficácia do direito à moradia adequada, o qual
se qualifica como direito humano.
This research addresses the issue of public policy on land regularization, provided for in law nº 13.465/17 (called the REURB law), and its function as an instrument for the realization of the social right to adequate housing, which leads to its link to the line of research “Human Rights and Public Policies”, of the Postgraduate Program in Law at PUC-Campinas. The work is justified by the historic Brazilian housing deficit, aggravated by the irregularity of informal occupations, which mostly affect slums and low-income communities. Thus, the research aims to understand the content of the right to adequate housing, adopting as a theoretical framework, internationally, the technical report called The Right to Adequate Housing and the New Urban Agenda, resulting from the Habitat-III conference, prepared jointly by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and by the United Nations Program for Human Settlements (UN-Habitat), to verify if they can be applied to Brazil, based on the legislation currently in force. Once this concept is understood, the research seeks, as a result, to evaluate the current Brazilian land tenure regularization model, to verify if it is capable of guaranteeing this right to adequate housing. Furthermore, a case study of land regularization in the Municipality of Campinas is carried out in order to identify distortions between the legal model and institutional practice. In the first two chapters, the deductive method is used, starting from the general concept of adequate housing, to assess the adequacy of specific legislation on land tenure regularization to its content. In the third chapter, the unpublished interviews led to critical inferences, allowing the proposition of general legislative solutions, based on the case of Campinas, which denotes the use of the inductive method. Thus, this paper considers the hypothesis that the current land tenure regularization model, despite important recent advances, is not sufficiently capable of increasing the effectiveness of the right to adequate housing, which qualifies as a human right.
This research addresses the issue of public policy on land regularization, provided for in law nº 13.465/17 (called the REURB law), and its function as an instrument for the realization of the social right to adequate housing, which leads to its link to the line of research “Human Rights and Public Policies”, of the Postgraduate Program in Law at PUC-Campinas. The work is justified by the historic Brazilian housing deficit, aggravated by the irregularity of informal occupations, which mostly affect slums and low-income communities. Thus, the research aims to understand the content of the right to adequate housing, adopting as a theoretical framework, internationally, the technical report called The Right to Adequate Housing and the New Urban Agenda, resulting from the Habitat-III conference, prepared jointly by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and by the United Nations Program for Human Settlements (UN-Habitat), to verify if they can be applied to Brazil, based on the legislation currently in force. Once this concept is understood, the research seeks, as a result, to evaluate the current Brazilian land tenure regularization model, to verify if it is capable of guaranteeing this right to adequate housing. Furthermore, a case study of land regularization in the Municipality of Campinas is carried out in order to identify distortions between the legal model and institutional practice. In the first two chapters, the deductive method is used, starting from the general concept of adequate housing, to assess the adequacy of specific legislation on land tenure regularization to its content. In the third chapter, the unpublished interviews led to critical inferences, allowing the proposition of general legislative solutions, based on the case of Campinas, which denotes the use of the inductive method. Thus, this paper considers the hypothesis that the current land tenure regularization model, despite important recent advances, is not sufficiently capable of increasing the effectiveness of the right to adequate housing, which qualifies as a human right.
