A violência intrafamiliar contra a criança e o sistema de garantia dos direitos da infância
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)
Resumo
Neste trabalho examinamos os marcos legais do direito da criança e do adolescente, destacando
sua principiologia e regras essenciais, além de sua matriz histórica. A partir da revisão desse
constructo normativo e de seu contexto histórico e sociocultural, discute-se o conceito e a
operacionalidade do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos da Infância. A pesquisa tem por objetivo
investigar como foi acolhida, pela legislação pós-Constituição Federal de 1988, a regra princípio prevista no seu art. 227, caput, que, a par de enunciar os direitos da infância, atribuiu
à família, à sociedade e ao Estado – nessa ordem – o dever de protegê-la. Especificamente,
investigamos qual o papel reservado à família no constructo normativo que se seguiu à
Constituição, e ainda, se teria havido um subdimensionamento do potencial de violação a
direitos da infância, representados por parcela das famílias, processo marcado inclusive pela
ausência de meios de detecção e quantificação do fenômeno. Esta situação, entendemos, vem
sendo paulatinamente corrigida com o advento especialmente das Lei 13.101/2014 (conhecida
como a Lei Menino Bernardo), Lei 12.010/2009 (Lei da Adoção), Lei 13.431/2017 (que
estabelece o sistema de garantias da criança vítima ou testemunha de violência) e Lei
14.344/2022 (conhecida como Lei Henry Borel), que passaram a tratar, de forma mais
minudente, do papel protetivo da família, seu potencial de violação a direitos, como também da
necessidade do enfrentamento do fenômeno da violência doméstica e familiar contra a criança.
Por fim, analisamos criticamente o conceito contemporâneo de família, seus atravessamentos
de classe, raça e gênero e os impactos que geram na performance parental. Além disso, à luz de
dados estatísticos sobre o fenômeno da violência doméstica e familiar contra a criança,
discutimos a necessidade de implementação dessas leis, tanto no seu viés repressivo como
preventivo e o reordenamento institucional e de mentalidades que essa implementação exigirá.
Analisamos, ainda, a oferta e a necessidade de incremento de políticas públicas de prevenção
ao fenômeno, através de meios de educação para a parentalidade responsável, de forma a
equilibrar, de um lado, o princípio constitucional da responsabilidade parental e, de outro, o da
mínima intervenção estatal na família, promovendo, assim, educação para a parentalidade como
forma de prevenção à violação de direitos em ambiente familiar e de aumento do espectro de
proteção da infância.
In this study, we examine the legal frameworks of children and adolescents' rights, emphasizing their principles and essential rules, as well as their historical context. Through a review of this normative construct and its historical and sociocultural context, we discuss the concept and operationalization of the Childhood Rights Guarantee System. The research aims to investigate how the post-1988 Federal Constitution legislation embraced the rule-principle outlined in its article 227, caput, which, while enumerating the rights of childhood, assigned the duty of protection to the family, society, and the State, in that order. Specifically, we explore the role reserved for the family in the normative construct following the Constitution, and whether there has been an underestimation of the potential violation of children's rights, including the absence of means to detect and quantify the phenomenon. This situation has been gradually addressed by the advent of laws, especially Law 13,101/2014 (known as the Menino Bernardo Law), Law 12,010/2009 (Adoption Law), Law 13,431/2017 (which establishes the guarantees system for children victims or witnesses of violence), and Law 14,344/2022 (known as the Henry Borel Law), which have begun to more minutely address the protective role of the family, its potential for rights violations, as well as the need to confront the phenomenon of domestic and family violence against children. Finally, we critically analyze the contemporary concept of family, its intersections of class, race, and gender, and the impacts they generate on parental performance. Additionally, in light of statistical data on the phenomenon of domestic and family violence against children, we discuss the need for the implementation of these laws and the institutional and mindset rearrangement that this implementation will require, both in its punitive and preventive aspects. We further analyze the supply and the need for the enhancement of public policies to prevent the phenomenon through means of education for responsible parenthood, thus balancing the constitutional principle of parental responsibility with the minimal state intervention in the family, promoting parenting education as a means of preventing rights violations in the family environment and expanding the scope of childhood protection.
In this study, we examine the legal frameworks of children and adolescents' rights, emphasizing their principles and essential rules, as well as their historical context. Through a review of this normative construct and its historical and sociocultural context, we discuss the concept and operationalization of the Childhood Rights Guarantee System. The research aims to investigate how the post-1988 Federal Constitution legislation embraced the rule-principle outlined in its article 227, caput, which, while enumerating the rights of childhood, assigned the duty of protection to the family, society, and the State, in that order. Specifically, we explore the role reserved for the family in the normative construct following the Constitution, and whether there has been an underestimation of the potential violation of children's rights, including the absence of means to detect and quantify the phenomenon. This situation has been gradually addressed by the advent of laws, especially Law 13,101/2014 (known as the Menino Bernardo Law), Law 12,010/2009 (Adoption Law), Law 13,431/2017 (which establishes the guarantees system for children victims or witnesses of violence), and Law 14,344/2022 (known as the Henry Borel Law), which have begun to more minutely address the protective role of the family, its potential for rights violations, as well as the need to confront the phenomenon of domestic and family violence against children. Finally, we critically analyze the contemporary concept of family, its intersections of class, race, and gender, and the impacts they generate on parental performance. Additionally, in light of statistical data on the phenomenon of domestic and family violence against children, we discuss the need for the implementation of these laws and the institutional and mindset rearrangement that this implementation will require, both in its punitive and preventive aspects. We further analyze the supply and the need for the enhancement of public policies to prevent the phenomenon through means of education for responsible parenthood, thus balancing the constitutional principle of parental responsibility with the minimal state intervention in the family, promoting parenting education as a means of preventing rights violations in the family environment and expanding the scope of childhood protection.
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Palavras-chave
violência intrafamiliar contra a infância, famílias e o Sistema de Garantias de Direitos, repressão e prevenção à violência intrafamiliar, educação parental, intrafamily violence against children, families and the Childhood Rights Guarantee System, repression and prevention of intrafamily violence, parental education
