Sistema de aquisição de dados e controle na geração e purificação em modelo de usina de biogás
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)
Resumo
A crescente demanda energética tem impulsionado a busca por fontes de
energia alternativas, com o objetivo de substituir os combustíveis fósseis por opções
renováveis e menos poluentes, como o biogás é considerado um forte candidato para
a transformação sustentável da matriz energética mundial. No entanto, ainda existem
desafios técnicos e econômicos significativos para a aplicação eficiente do biogás na
geração de energia elétrica ou térmica e como substituto do gás natural, visto que há
a necessidade de processos de purificação físicos ou químicos que reduzam a
concentração de dióxido de carbono na mistura gasosa. Como alternativa, estão
sendo estudados cultivos de microalgas para a captura fotossintética de CO2 e
conversão em biomassa, com níveis de eficiência relacionados em grande parte a
evolução populacional destes microrganismos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo
desenvolver um sistema para monitorar e controlar temperatura em um processo de
digestão anaeróbia e estimular o crescimento de microalgas em fotobiorreator
proporcionando controle de luminosidade, periodicidade e cor. A eficiência do método
de purificação proposto foi avaliada através da análise da mistura gasosa,
quantificando os elementos CO2 e CH4 antes e depois do processamento, utilizando
o método de análise Orsat comparado com os sensores propostos. Com base nos
resultados obtidos, a captura de CO2 pelas microalgas foi de aproximadamente 1,67%
durante um período de 30 minutos de circulação do biogás no fotobiorreator.
The growing energy demand has driven the search for alternative energy sources, aiming to replace fossil fuels with renewable and less polluting options. In this context, biogas is considered a strong candidate for the sustainable transformation of the global energy matrix. However, there are still significant technical and economic challenges for the efficient application of biogas in electricity or thermal energy generation and as a substitute for natural gas, given the need for physical or chemical purification processes to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas mixture. As an alternative, the cultivation of microalgae is being studied for the photosynthetic capture of CO₂ and its conversion into biomass, with efficiency levels largely dependent on the population growth of these microorganisms. This study aimed to develop a system to monitor and control temperature in an anaerobic digestion process and stimulate the growth of microalgae in a photobioreactor by providing control over light intensity, periodicity, and color. The efficiency of the proposed purification method was evaluated through the analysis of the gas mixture, quantifying CO₂ and CH₄ elements before and after processing, using the Orsat analysis method compared with the proposed sensors. Based on the obtained results, CO₂ capture by microalgae was approximately 1.67% over a 30-minute period of biogas circulation in the photobioreactor.
The growing energy demand has driven the search for alternative energy sources, aiming to replace fossil fuels with renewable and less polluting options. In this context, biogas is considered a strong candidate for the sustainable transformation of the global energy matrix. However, there are still significant technical and economic challenges for the efficient application of biogas in electricity or thermal energy generation and as a substitute for natural gas, given the need for physical or chemical purification processes to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas mixture. As an alternative, the cultivation of microalgae is being studied for the photosynthetic capture of CO₂ and its conversion into biomass, with efficiency levels largely dependent on the population growth of these microorganisms. This study aimed to develop a system to monitor and control temperature in an anaerobic digestion process and stimulate the growth of microalgae in a photobioreactor by providing control over light intensity, periodicity, and color. The efficiency of the proposed purification method was evaluated through the analysis of the gas mixture, quantifying CO₂ and CH₄ elements before and after processing, using the Orsat analysis method compared with the proposed sensors. Based on the obtained results, CO₂ capture by microalgae was approximately 1.67% over a 30-minute period of biogas circulation in the photobioreactor.