Implicações do devido processo legal, contraditório e ampla defesa do direito administrativo disciplinar das forças armadas do Brasil
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)
Resumo
Esta dissertação pertence à linha de pesquisa de Direitos Humanos e Políticas
Públicas e ao Grupo de pesquisa intitulado Gênero, raça, classe, menoridade e outras
vulnerabilidades do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Pontifícia
Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas). A relação entre os direitos e
as garantias fundamentais e o ordenamento jurídico administrativo disciplinar militar
é um tema multifacetado, visto que envolve a necessidade de se manter a disciplina
e a hierarquia nas Forças Armadas, o que, por vezes, pode ir de encontro aos
principais direitos humanos constitucionalmente positivados em desfavor dos
militares. Vale destacar, com base na legislação brasileira, que os direitos e as
garantias fundamentais têm aplicação imediata, mas é reconhecida, também, a
questão da peculiaridade das Forças Armadas, tendo em vista o seu regime
disciplinar estrito. Diante disso, formulou-se como problema de pesquisa a seguinte
questão: de que forma o devido processo legal, contraditório e ampla defesa
influenciam o ordenamento jurídico administrativo disciplinar militar diante de sua
evolução histórica fundamentada na hierarquia e na disciplina? Buscando responder
ao questionamento, o objetivo geral envolve analisar a relação e as implicações dos
direitos humanos, em especial o devido processo legal, contraditório e ampla defesa
no ordenamento jurídico administrativo disciplinar militar das Forças Armadas diante
dos princípios, também constitucionais, da hierarquia e disciplina. Como objetivos
específicos, tem-se: I. Examinar as mudanças históricas que conduziram a
normatização dos procedimentos administrativos disciplinares internos na elaboração
de sindicâncias no âmbito das Forças Armadas; II. Caracterizar aspectos da
hierarquia e da disciplina no ordenamento jurídico administrativo disciplinar, diante da
evolução dos direitos e garantias fundamentais; III. Identificar e analisar disposições
nas normatizações dos procedimentos administrativos disciplinares internos das
Forças Armadas (Marinha, Exército e Aeronáutica) no tocante à hierarquia e disciplina
que possam conflitar com os direitos humanos positivados; IV. Conceituar e analisar
o devido processo legal, contraditório e ampla defesa, bem como a sua relação com
a hierarquia e a disciplina no ordenamento jurídico administrativo disciplinar militar.
Para tanto, esta pesquisa adota o método dedutivo, é de cunho qualitativo e realiza
análise bibliográfica e documental legislativa. Levando em conta o trabalho realizado,
buscou-se promover um maior equilíbrio entre os direitos humanos garantidos pela
Constituição — especialmente em relação ao devido processo legal, ao contraditório
e à ampla defesa — e os princípios constitucionais de hierarquia e disciplina. Isso se
insere no contexto do avanço dos direitos fundamentais e das garantias individuais.
Conclui-se que o objetivo almejado foi alcançado, uma vez que foi possível entender
a rigidez da estrutura das forças armadas à luz de sua evolução histórica. Além disso,
almeja-se ter contribuído para os debates teóricos no contexto das Forças Armadas,
apresentando uma análise crítica que possa fundamentar futuras discussões e
melhorias legislativas e institucionais.
This dissertation belongs to the Human Rights and Public Policies research line and to the research group entitled Gender, race, class, minority and other vulnerabilities of the Postgraduate Program in Law of the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas). The relationship between fundamental rights and guarantees and the military disciplinary administrative legal system is a multifaceted topic, since it involves the need to maintain discipline and hierarchy in the Armed Forces, which, at times, can go against the main constitutionally established human rights to the detriment of military personnel. It is worth noting, based on Brazilian legislation, that fundamental rights and guarantees have immediate application, but the issue of the peculiarity of the Armed Forces is also recognized, given their strict disciplinary regime. In view of this, the following question was formulated as a research problem: how do due process, adversarial proceedings and full defense influence the military disciplinary administrative legal system in light of its historical evolution based on hierarchy and discipline? In order to answer this question, the general objective involves analyzing the relationship and implications of human rights, especially due process, adversarial proceedings and full defense in the administrative disciplinary legal system of the Armed Forces, in light of the constitutional principles of hierarchy and discipline. The specific objectives are: I. Examine the historical changes that have led to the standardization of internal disciplinary administrative procedures in the preparation of investigations within the Armed Forces; II. Characterize aspects of hierarchy and discipline in the disciplinary administrative legal system, given the evolution of fundamental rights and guarantees; III. Identify and analyze provisions in the rules governing the internal disciplinary administrative procedures of the Armed Forces (Navy, Army and Air Force) with regard to hierarchy and discipline that may conflict with positive human rights; IV. Conceptualize and analyze due process of law, adversarial proceedings and ample defense, as well as their relationship with hierarchy and discipline in the military disciplinary administrative legal system. To this end, this research adopts the deductive method, is qualitative in nature and carries out a bibliographic and legislative documentary analysis. Taking into account the work carried out, the aim is to have promoted a greater balance between the human rights guaranteed by the Constitution — especially in relation to due process, adversarial proceedings and full defense — and the constitutional principles of hierarchy and discipline. This is part of the context of the advancement of fundamental rights and individual guarantees. It is concluded that the desired objective was achieved, since it was possible to understand the rigidity of the structure of the armed forces in light of its historical evolution. In addition, the aim is to have contributed to theoretical debates in the context of the Armed Forces, presenting a critical analysis that can support future discussions and legislative and institutional improvements.
This dissertation belongs to the Human Rights and Public Policies research line and to the research group entitled Gender, race, class, minority and other vulnerabilities of the Postgraduate Program in Law of the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas). The relationship between fundamental rights and guarantees and the military disciplinary administrative legal system is a multifaceted topic, since it involves the need to maintain discipline and hierarchy in the Armed Forces, which, at times, can go against the main constitutionally established human rights to the detriment of military personnel. It is worth noting, based on Brazilian legislation, that fundamental rights and guarantees have immediate application, but the issue of the peculiarity of the Armed Forces is also recognized, given their strict disciplinary regime. In view of this, the following question was formulated as a research problem: how do due process, adversarial proceedings and full defense influence the military disciplinary administrative legal system in light of its historical evolution based on hierarchy and discipline? In order to answer this question, the general objective involves analyzing the relationship and implications of human rights, especially due process, adversarial proceedings and full defense in the administrative disciplinary legal system of the Armed Forces, in light of the constitutional principles of hierarchy and discipline. The specific objectives are: I. Examine the historical changes that have led to the standardization of internal disciplinary administrative procedures in the preparation of investigations within the Armed Forces; II. Characterize aspects of hierarchy and discipline in the disciplinary administrative legal system, given the evolution of fundamental rights and guarantees; III. Identify and analyze provisions in the rules governing the internal disciplinary administrative procedures of the Armed Forces (Navy, Army and Air Force) with regard to hierarchy and discipline that may conflict with positive human rights; IV. Conceptualize and analyze due process of law, adversarial proceedings and ample defense, as well as their relationship with hierarchy and discipline in the military disciplinary administrative legal system. To this end, this research adopts the deductive method, is qualitative in nature and carries out a bibliographic and legislative documentary analysis. Taking into account the work carried out, the aim is to have promoted a greater balance between the human rights guaranteed by the Constitution — especially in relation to due process, adversarial proceedings and full defense — and the constitutional principles of hierarchy and discipline. This is part of the context of the advancement of fundamental rights and individual guarantees. It is concluded that the desired objective was achieved, since it was possible to understand the rigidity of the structure of the armed forces in light of its historical evolution. In addition, the aim is to have contributed to theoretical debates in the context of the Armed Forces, presenting a critical analysis that can support future discussions and legislative and institutional improvements.
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Palavras-chave
Direitos e garantias fundamentais, Hierarquia e disciplina, Direito administrativo disciplinar Militar, Forças Armadas, Princípio do devido processo legal, contraditório e ampla defesa, Fundamental rights and guarantees, Hierarchy and discipline, Military disciplinary administrative law, Armed Forces, Principle of due process, adversarial proceedings and full defense
