Políticas públicas antirracistas, racismo estrutural e programas de transferência de renda
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)
Resumo
A pobreza e a extrema pobreza no Brasil têm cor, gênero e idade. A proposta da
pesquisa é analisá-las no contexto econômico racializado, isto é, observar o ponto
nodal entre a desigualdade socioeconômica e as estruturas do racismo no país.
Assim, há os seguintes problemas a enfrentar: como mitigar as desigualdades
socieconômicas racializadas, especialmente da população negra; e se o programa
bolsa família poderia ser um exemplo disso. Apresenta-se como hipótese aos
problemas que o critério universalista adotado por programas de transferência direta
de renda é insuficiente para a redução de disparidades, na medida em que ignora ou
considera parcialmente a questão racial. Para a condução do caminho da
investigação, utiliza-se como método o hipotético-dedutivo. Na forma de obtenção dos
resultados, predomina-se pela análise documental de leis e decretos relativos à
temática, juntamente com pesquisa bibliográfica em doutrinas internacionais e
nacionais, artigos qualificados sobre os assuntos e dados estatísticos oficiais
disponibilizados em sites governamentais e institutos nacionais, utilizando-se a lente
racial. Na pesquisa constatam-se: a instrumentalização do uso da raça para
cumulação sistemática de desvantagens destinada à população negra; um
decréscimo da renda dessa população ocasionada pela cor da pele com fulcro no
racismo estrutural e, por isso, a necessidade de se pensar em uma política econômica
antirracista; o reconhecimento da mulher negra como prioridade estratégica nos
desenhos institucionais das políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento social. O tema
desta dissertação justifica-se em razão do imenso abismo entre negros e não negros,
a partir da materialidade do racismo refletida nas condições de vida das pessoas.
Verifica-se que a pobreza onera mais as pessoas negras e, em especial, a mulher
negra, por isso, sinaliza-se o uso de ferramentas metodológicas como a
interseccionalidade aliada à transversalidade e intersetorialidade para o
aperfeiçoamento dessas políticas. As análises por meio do programa bolsa família
ocorrem justamente pelo fato de ser uma política pública consistente, basilar e que
esteve por mais de uma década em curso, o que possibilita o campo de análise
convergente com a área e a linha de pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação stricto
sensu em Direito da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, respectivamente,
“direitos humanos e desenvolvimento social” e “direitos humanos e políticas públicas”.
Poverty and extreme poverty in Brazil have color, gender and age. The research proposal is to analyze them in the racialized economic context, that is, to observe the nodal point between socioeconomic inequality and the structures of racism in the country. Thus, there are the following problems to be faced: how to mitigate racialized socioeconomic inequalities, especially among the black population; and whether the “bolsa família” program could be an example of this. It is presented as a hypothesis to the problems that the universalist criterion adopted by direct income transfer programs is insufficient to reduce disparities, insofar as it ignores or partially considers the racial issue. To conduct the investigation path, the hypothetical-deductive method is used. In the way of obtaining the results, documental analysis of laws and decrees related to the subject predominates, together with bibliographic research on international and national doctrines, qualified articles on the subjects and official statistical data available on government websites and national institutes, using if the racial lens. The research found: the instrumentalization of the use of race for the systematic accumulation of disadvantages for the black population; a decrease in the income of this population caused by skin color with a focus on structural racism and, therefore, the need to think of an anti-racist economic policy; the recognition of black women as a strategic priority in the institutional designs of public policies for social development. The theme of this dissertation is justified by the immense gap between blacks and non-blacks, from the materiality of racism reflected in people's living conditions. It is verified that poverty burdens black people more and, in particular, black women, therefore, the use of methodological tools such as intersectionality combined with transversality and intersectoriality for the improvement of these policies is indicated. The analyzes through the “bolsa família” program occur precisely because it is a consistent, fundamental public policy that has been in progress for more than a decade, which allows the field of analysis to converge with the area and line of research of the Stricto Sensu Post Graduate Program in Law at the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, respectively, “human rights and social development” and “human rights and public policies”.
Poverty and extreme poverty in Brazil have color, gender and age. The research proposal is to analyze them in the racialized economic context, that is, to observe the nodal point between socioeconomic inequality and the structures of racism in the country. Thus, there are the following problems to be faced: how to mitigate racialized socioeconomic inequalities, especially among the black population; and whether the “bolsa família” program could be an example of this. It is presented as a hypothesis to the problems that the universalist criterion adopted by direct income transfer programs is insufficient to reduce disparities, insofar as it ignores or partially considers the racial issue. To conduct the investigation path, the hypothetical-deductive method is used. In the way of obtaining the results, documental analysis of laws and decrees related to the subject predominates, together with bibliographic research on international and national doctrines, qualified articles on the subjects and official statistical data available on government websites and national institutes, using if the racial lens. The research found: the instrumentalization of the use of race for the systematic accumulation of disadvantages for the black population; a decrease in the income of this population caused by skin color with a focus on structural racism and, therefore, the need to think of an anti-racist economic policy; the recognition of black women as a strategic priority in the institutional designs of public policies for social development. The theme of this dissertation is justified by the immense gap between blacks and non-blacks, from the materiality of racism reflected in people's living conditions. It is verified that poverty burdens black people more and, in particular, black women, therefore, the use of methodological tools such as intersectionality combined with transversality and intersectoriality for the improvement of these policies is indicated. The analyzes through the “bolsa família” program occur precisely because it is a consistent, fundamental public policy that has been in progress for more than a decade, which allows the field of analysis to converge with the area and line of research of the Stricto Sensu Post Graduate Program in Law at the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, respectively, “human rights and social development” and “human rights and public policies”.
