O acesso e a permanência de estudantes negras e negros, por meio do ProUni, na PUC-Campinas
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)
Resumo
O direito internacional dos direitos humanos estabeleceu que toda pessoa tem direito
à educação, garantindo igualdade de oportunidades e tratamento, sem discriminação.
Isso aplicou-se ao ensino superior, que deve ser acessível a todos, com base no
mérito. A Constituição Federal do Brasil assegurou este direito social à educação,
promovendo o acesso ao ensino superior conforme a capacidade individual,
fundamentado no princípio da igualdade de acesso e permanência. A legislação
federal implementou mecanismos para promover o acesso e permanência, visando
superar desigualdades históricas. O Programa Universidade Para Todos (ProUni),
instituído pela Lei nº 11.096/2005, ofereceu bolsas de estudo em cursos de graduação
para estudantes em situação de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, priorizando a
"pobreza" medida pela renda per capita familiar. Dentro desse contexto, destinou um
percentual de bolsas a estudantes negros. Apesar das ações afirmativas e melhorias
nos indicadores de acesso, a população negra ainda esteve sub-representada no
ensino superior, especialmente no setor privado, devido ao racismo estrutural. Esta
pesquisa visou analisar o acesso e a permanência de estudantes negros beneficiados
pelo ProUni na Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas),
através de um estudo de caso de 2004 a 2021. Utilizando pesquisa documental e
bancos de dados oficiais do Ministério da Educação (MEC), a investigação avaliou o
acesso e permanência desses estudantes em níveis nacional, estadual e municipal, e
sua representatividade na população geral. A pesquisa também examinou dados
institucionais para identificar motivos de evasão. Com base em uma revisão
bibliográfica abrangente, esperou-se avaliar a efetividade da política pública do ProUni
e, assim, o direito à educação superior para a população negra, focando no caso
específico da PUC-Campinas. A pesquisa alinhou-se à Linha de Pesquisa
Cooperação Internacional e Direitos Humanos, contribuindo para o discurso jurídico
interamericano sobre cidadania.
International human rights law has established that everyone has the right to education, guaranteeing equal opportunities and treatment without discrimination. This applies to higher education, which must be accessible to all, based on merit. Brazil's Federal Constitution guaranteed this social right to education, promoting access to higher education according to individual ability, based on the principle of equal access and permanence. Federal legislation has implemented mechanisms to promote access and permanence, with the aim of overcoming historical inequalities. The University for All Program (ProUni), established by Law No. 11,096/2005, offered scholarships in undergraduate courses for students in situations of socioeconomic vulnerability, prioritizing “poverty” as measured by per capita family income. Within this context, it allocated a percentage of scholarships to black students. Despite affirmative action and improvements in access indicators, the black population has still been underrepresented in higher education, especially in the private sector, due to structural racism. This research aimed to analyze the access and permanence of black students benefiting from ProUni at the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUCCampinas), through a case study from 2004 to 2021. Using documentary research and official databases from the Ministry of Education (MEC), the investigation assessed the access and permanence of these students at national, state and municipal levels, and their representation in the general population. The research also examined institutional data to identify reasons for dropout. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the ProUni public policy and, thus, the right to higher education for the black population, focusing on the specific case of PUCCampinas. The research was aligned with the International Cooperation and Human Rights Research Line, contributing to the inter-American legal discourse on citizenship.
International human rights law has established that everyone has the right to education, guaranteeing equal opportunities and treatment without discrimination. This applies to higher education, which must be accessible to all, based on merit. Brazil's Federal Constitution guaranteed this social right to education, promoting access to higher education according to individual ability, based on the principle of equal access and permanence. Federal legislation has implemented mechanisms to promote access and permanence, with the aim of overcoming historical inequalities. The University for All Program (ProUni), established by Law No. 11,096/2005, offered scholarships in undergraduate courses for students in situations of socioeconomic vulnerability, prioritizing “poverty” as measured by per capita family income. Within this context, it allocated a percentage of scholarships to black students. Despite affirmative action and improvements in access indicators, the black population has still been underrepresented in higher education, especially in the private sector, due to structural racism. This research aimed to analyze the access and permanence of black students benefiting from ProUni at the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUCCampinas), through a case study from 2004 to 2021. Using documentary research and official databases from the Ministry of Education (MEC), the investigation assessed the access and permanence of these students at national, state and municipal levels, and their representation in the general population. The research also examined institutional data to identify reasons for dropout. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the ProUni public policy and, thus, the right to higher education for the black population, focusing on the specific case of PUCCampinas. The research was aligned with the International Cooperation and Human Rights Research Line, contributing to the inter-American legal discourse on citizenship.
